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In Music, Arabic Numbers are Note Numbers
In music, Arabic numbers, the numbers 0 through 9, are scale note numbers. So in the key of C, for example, the Arabic number 1 is the scale note C; 2 is the scale note D; 3 is the scale note E, and so on.
As you study Table 38 with considerable diligence, forsaking even a trip to the Wrong Ranch Saloon for a double Wild Turkey, you will notice that the chords with roots 1, 4, and 5 are shaded lightly, whilst chords with roots 2, 3, and 6 are marked with darker shading. And out there on the right, the chord with root 7 bears the darkest and scariest shading. The reasons for these shading variances will become blindingly clear in a minute.
Also, notice that scale degree 1 (8) is missing. In harmony, unlike melody, scale degree 1 (8) has no meaning because the notes of a chord, including the chord root, apply universally to any and all octaves equally. Again, this will become clearer as you fight your way through this chapter with masochistic but admirable determination.